Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness

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Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P.O Box 166, Gulu, Uganda

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Applying the food technology neophobia scale in a developing country context.
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015-10-07) De Steur, Hans; Odongo, Walter; Gellynck, Xavier
The success of new food technologies largely depends on consumers' behavioral responses to the innovation. In Eastern Africa, and Uganda in particular, a technology to process matooke into flour has been introduced with limited success. We measure and apply the Food technology Neophobia Scale (FTNS) to this specific case. This technique has been increasingly used in consumer research to determine consumers' fear for foods produced by novel technologies. Although it has been successful in developed countries, the low number and limited scope of past studies underlines the need for testing its applicability in a developing country context. Data was collected from 209 matooke consumers from Central Uganda. In general, respondents are relatively neophobic towards the new technology, with an average FTNS score of 58.7%, which hampers the success of processed matooke flour. Besides socio-demographic indicators, ‘risk perception’, ‘healthiness’ and the ‘necessity of technologies’ were key factors that influenced consumer's preference of processed matooke flour. Benchmarking the findings against previous FTNS surveys allows to evaluate factor solutions, compare standardized FTNS scores and further lends support for the multidimensionality of the FTNS. Being the first application in a developing country context, this study provides a case for examining food technology neophobia for processed staple crops in various regions and cultures. Nevertheless, research is needed to replicate this method and evaluate the external validity of our findings.
Communication inside the LRA: Militarization of Acoli Language, a Cultural Patriotism or mere Rebel Indoctrination?
(International Journal of Advanced Research, 2024-07-29) James Onono Ojok; Ajok Beatrice Abonga; Arthur Owor
In an ideal situation, there should be no positive effect of the LRA war in Northern Uganda, but what of the real testimonies that the LRA war brought in many development partners with school fees scholarships through institutions like Acoli Education Initiatives, Invisible Children, Windle Trust Uganda among others. But where are they going to pay for school, the northern children in ‘war affected areas’, and others up to universities, if it were not because of the devastating effect of the war on Education? This is still without the many successful grants and PhD projects completed within Uganda and around the globe based on LRA attachment to spirituality, transitional justice or interrogating the Acoli traditional justice system versus international laws. A debate can be constructed, if necessary, that the authorities on the LRA scholarships are from the global north -meaning the war pulled scholars from their comfort zones. Secondarily, what do we owe this to? For lack of a better word, other scholars would call it the ‘unintended’ positive effect of the war. This journal paper borrows the philosophy that if you are telling a story, it should be told up-side-down. Chimamanda Ngozi, the Nigerian writer, baptised it as a one-sided story and called it the danger of a single story (Adichie 2009). Schulz, Apio et al (2024) tell us about the ‘Love and Care in the LRA’, which this paper calls bravery, with all the horror stories of the LRA! This paper is grounded in some of these philosophies of Adichie (2009) and Schulz, Apio et al. (2024) of telling all sides of the story, attempting to reconstruct the LRA use of Acoli language throughout their military operations as a demonstration of Acoli cultural attachment, loyalty and depiction of Acoli cultural patriotism or activism argued by this paper. This was through using secondary data review and holding in-depth purposive interviews with four former LRA returnees plus two cultural chiefs, including extracting the archival journalistic records of the first author, who was an active journalist in northern Uganda for over 10 years between 2010 and 2021. This journal paper, however, does not underscore the pain and sufferings, the LRA brought on the people of Uganda and other neighbouring countries. However, this paper just gives an ontological side of the LRA, which is hard to find in terms of their particular role in promoting Acoli culture by using Acoli language as their military operational medium of communication.
Communication inside the LRA: Militarization of Acoli Language, a Cultural Patriotism or mere Rebel Indoctrination?
(International Journal of Advanced Research, 2024-06-29) Ojok, James Onono; Abonga, Ajok Beatrice; Owor, Arthur
n an ideal situation, there should be no positive effect of the LRA war in Northern Uganda, but what of the real testimonies that the LRA war brought in many development partners with school fees scholarships through institutions like Acoli Education Initiatives, Invisible Children, Windle Trust Uganda among others. But where are they going to pay for school, the northern children in ‘war affected areas’, and others up to universities, if it were not because of the devastating effect of the war on Education? This is still without the many successful grants and PhD projects completed within Uganda and around the globe based on LRA attachment to spirituality, transitional justice or interrogating the Acoli traditional justice system versus international laws. A debate can be constructed, if necessary, that the authorities on the LRA scholarships are from the global north -meaning the war pulled scholars from their comfort zones. Secondarily, what do we owe this to? For lack of a better word, other scholars would call it the ‘unintended’ positive effect of the war. This journal paper borrows the philosophy that if you are telling a story, it should be told up-side-down. Chimamanda Ngozi, the Nigerian writer, baptised it as a one-sided story and called it the danger of a single story (Adichie 2009). Schulz, Apio et al (2024) tell us about the ‘Love and Care in the LRA’, which this paper calls bravery, with all the horror stories of the LRA! This paper is grounded in some of these philosophies of Adichie (2009) and Schulz, Apio et al. (2024) of telling all sides of the story, attempting to reconstruct the LRA use of Acoli language throughout their military operations as a demonstration of Acoli cultural attachment, loyalty and depiction of Acoli cultural patriotism or activism argued by this paper. This was through using secondary data review and holding in-depth purposive interviews with four former LRA returnees plus two cultural chiefs, including extracting the archival journalistic records of the first author, who was an active journalist in northern Uganda for over 10 years between 2010 and 2021. This journal paper, however, does not underscore the pain and sufferings, the LRA brought on the people of Uganda and other neighbouring countries. However, this paper just gives an ontological side of the LRA, which is hard to find in terms of their particular role in promoting Acoli culture by using Acoli language as their military operational medium of communication
Comparative Analysis of Profitability Drivers of Pig Production Systems in Northern Uganda
(Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2024-08-14) Caleb Ibukunoluwa Adewale; Elias Munezero; Elly Kurobuza Ndyomugyenyi; Basil Mugonola
Pork consumption has risen significantly in many emerging nations, with producers using various systems to meet demand. However, the profitability of these systems remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the drivers of profitability of pig production systems in Northern Uganda were examined. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey of 240 randomly selected pig farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and ordinary least squares model. Results revealed that the cost of initial stock (p < 0.1), cost of feed (p < 0.05), cost of vaccines (p < 0.01), output (p < 0.05), and quantity of feed (p < 0.05) were drivers of profitability in the farrow-to-finish pig production system. Further, profitability in the farrow-to-weaner pig production system was influenced by access to credit (p < 0.1), household size (p < 0.1), access to extension service (p < 0.01), and cost of initial stock (p < 0.05). In the weaner-to-slaughter pig production system, drivers of profitability included access to extension service (p < 0.1), cost of feed (p < 0.1), cost of vaccines (p < 0.05), and cost of initial stock (p < 0.05). Researchers recommend that the government arrange sufficient capacity-building initiatives and training, particularly on the farrow-to-weaner pig production system to increase the output and profitability of this production system. Further, the government and non-governmental organizations should make inputs such as vaccines, drugs, and breeding stock available to pig farmers at competitive market prices to enable farmers to make price-responsive decisions.
COMPLIANCE OF GLOBAL GAP STANDARDS AMONG SMALLHOLDER HOT PEPPER FARMERS IN LIRA DISTRICT OF NORTHERN UGANDA
(Gulu University, 2024-12-19) NDAYISHIMIYE,GERARD
Compliance with food safety standards like Global GAP plays a vital role in farmer’s certification, ensuring that their produce is accepted at the export market which contributes to rural development through increased income. However, Global GAP requires adherence to the set standards, but several smallholder farmers struggle to consistently meet the requirements thus, failing to access lucrative export markets. Understanding why some smallholder farmers fail to comply with such standards is important for export promotion. This study investigated Global GAP awareness, level of compliance and the key factors associated with Global GAP adherence among hot pepper smallholder farmers in Lira district of northern Uganda. Primary data were collected from a random sample of 345 hot pepper farmers using pretested structured questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Tobit regression models. The results on level of awareness of Global GAP standards was very low (8.02%) and significantly influenced by years of formal education, access to market information and extension services. The level of Global GAP compliance was 69.29%. This showed that farmers were doing some of good agricultural practices (GAPs) without knowing Global GAP. Among the factors associated with the level of compliance were awareness, family members in chili farming, market information, credit for farming and extension services all with p-values less than 1%. This study concluded that there was very low level of awareness and compliance to Global GAP standards. It recommends that promoters of agricultural export should emphasize the creation of awareness through accessible common channels like radios and extension agents. Further, there is a need to ease access to agricultural credit to enable smallholder farmers make the necessary investment in the inspection and certification processes.
Compliance of Global Gap Standards Among Smallholder Hot Pepper Farmers in Lira District of Northern Uganda
(Gulu University, 2024) Ndayishimiye, Gerard
Compliance with food safety standards like Global GAP plays a vital role in farmer’s certification, ensuring that their produce is accepted at the export market which contributes to rural development through increased income. However, Global GAP requires adherence to the set standards, but several smallholder farmers struggle to consistently meet the requirements thus, failing to access lucrative export markets. Understanding why some smallholder farmers fail to comply with such standards is important for export promotion. This study investigated Global GAP awareness, level of compliance and the key factors associated with Global GAP adherence among hot pepper smallholder farmers in Lira district of northern Uganda. Primary data were collected from a random sample of 345 hot pepper farmers using pretested structured questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Tobit regression models. The results on level of awareness of Global GAP standards was very low (8.02%) and significantly influenced by years of formal education, access to market information and extension services. The level of Global GAP compliance was 69.29%. This showed that farmers were doing some of good agricultural practices (GAPs) without knowing Global GAP. Among the factors associated with the level of compliance were awareness, family members in chili farming, market information, credit for farming and extension services all with p-values less than 1%. This study concluded that there was very low level of awareness and compliance to Global GAP standards. It recommends that promoters of agricultural export should emphasize the creation of awareness through accessible common channels like radios and extension agents. Further, there is a need to ease access to agricultural credit to enable smallholder farmers make the necessary investment in the inspection and certification processes.
Conceptualizing the Student-Centered Outreach Model for experiential learning and community transformation
(African Journal of Rural Development, 2016-12) Kalule, S.W.; Odongo, W.; Kule, E.; Ndyomugyenyi, E.K.; Omara, P.; Ongeng, D.
A dominant discourse in higher education has widely called for reviewing, redesigning and alignment of the curricula to suit the current and future skills demands in the labour market. In response, universities have over time been repositioning themselves to develop practical approaches to produce graduates with skills relevant to the job market. One such approach is the Student-Centered Outreach (S-C-O) model conceived and run at Gulu University in Uganda. However, little is known about the S-C-O model and thus this paper sought to develop and present a conceptual framework that underpins the functioning of the model. The structural set-up of the framework shows that students are centrally positioned between the faculty and the community. A key resource connecting the actors in the S-C-O model is knowledge which is gained through learning that takes place from either the top or bottom side of the S-C-O model and integrating feedback to close the learning loop. Examination of the implementation of the S-C-O model reveals that the model realizes three important outcomes: (i) enhancing experiential learning, (ii) promoting university linkage with the community, and (iii) enhancing transformation of the farming practices. The need for further studies as part of a process to develop an empirical methodology for examining the impacts of this outreach model remains apparent.
CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION AND INTENTION TO CONSUME PLANT BASED MILK IN GULU CITY, UGANDA
(Gulu University, 2023-11-14) NEKESA RHODAH
Due to the rise in the concerns about non-communicable diseases (NCDs), environmental unsustainability and animal welfare, the market of animal milk has relatively declined. As a result, plant-based milk substitutes (PBMS) have been developed as ideal alternatives. However, the reception of these food products depends with the perception of consumers and the preference for the sensory attributes. While there is sufficient literature in developed countries to inform consumers’ opinions about PBMS, there is a paucity of information in developing countries such as Uganda where the products are still new in the market. This study assessed the perception of consumers in Gulu city about PBMS, and factors that influence the intention to consume different flavors of the milk substitutes. A cross-sectional design entailing a consumer survey of 400 participants selected from Gulu University and supermarkets in Gulu city was conducted. A sensory evaluation experiment was done to assess the preference of different flavors of soymilk by 114 participants. The results indicated that consumers in Gulu city had an overall positive perception about PBMS. Consumers from the university were more positive than supermarket shoppers. On the factors that influence the intention to consume PBMS, price of PBMS, age, marital status and years spent in school were significant predictors (p<0.05) among supermarket shoppers while price, knowledge on nutritional composition of PBMS, level of health consciousness and years spent in school were significant (p<0.05) among consumers from the university. With regards to sensory evaluation of unflavored milk, chocolate, banana and vanilla flavors of soymilk, chocolate flavor was the most accepted by consumers. Specifically, its taste and aroma were significantly preferred to the unflavored milk. In summary, most consumers in Gulu city perceive PBMS positively and prefer added flavors to the unflavored soymilk. More modifications should be done to retain the white color of milk in added flavors and improve the mouthfeel so as to promote the rate of consumption of PBMS in Gulu city.
CROP DIVERSIFICATION AND PROFITABILITY AMONG SMALLHOLDER RICE FARMERS IN DOHO IRRIGATION RICE SCHEME – BUTALEJA DISTRICT
(Gulu University, 2023) Amongin, Lydia
Rice which has gained a lot of prominence both as a food and cash crop globally is a promoted crop in most of Uganda’s irrigation schemes. The smallholder rice farmers who are beneficiaries of these schemes have been indoctrinated to monocrop rice on a double annual season. Commercially sustainable farming practices are becoming increasingly important as market forces, consumer tastes, and climate change continue to alter agricultural enterprises. Recognising the critical role smallholder rice farmers play in growing the economy while ensuring global food security, this study therefore sought to examine the effects of crop diversification on the profitability of rice enterprises of these farmers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a multi stage sampled respondent size of 385 smallholder rice farmers. Descriptives such as frequency counts, means, and percentages were used to characterize the scheme’s smallholder rice farmers, the Tobit regression model analysed the factors that influenced crop diversification while the two stage least squares helped ascertain the influence crop diversification had on profitability of rice enterprises. Proportion of scheme land to total land, level of education and gender of household head, access to extension services, access to market information through radios, integrating rice with roots or perennials and cost of irrigation were found to impact intensity of crop diversification. While crop diversification was found to be positively associated with rice profitability, other instrumental variables like farmer experience at the scheme, access to credit, extension services from non government entities, growing ‘super’ rice variety, selling output to rice processors, growing legumes and roots also had an influence on rice profitability. According to this study, crop diversification can lessen smallholder rice farmers' susceptibility to environmental hazards and market swings, thereby increasing overall profitability of their rice enterprises. Policymakers and development practitioners looking to create policies that support sustainable farming techniques and raise smallholder farmers' standard of living would find great value in the study's insightful contributions.
Determinants of demand for quality declared rice seeds in nwoya and gulu districts, northern Uganda
(Gulu University, 2024) Apiyo, Scovia Perphency.
Most (over 89%) smallholder rice farmers in northern Uganda obtain rice seeds from informal sources which are uncertified and unregistered and this affects the yields and seeds quality in the rice farming business. This study investigated the determinants of smallholder farmers’ demand for quality-declared rice seeds in Northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected from 196 selected smallholder rice farmers from Nwoya and Gulu districts using simple random sampling method. All data obtained were entered, cleaned and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Exploratory factor analysis and descriptive statistics was used to examine attitudes and quality declared rice seed distribution channels used by smallholder farmers respectively. Binary logistics regression model, chi-square tests and t-tests were generated to compare means at 10%, 5% and 1% significant level. Significance (p≤0.01, p≤0.05 and p≤0.1) were observed in the use of communal labour**, participation in rice seeds demonstration/trials*, access to extension services**, attitude on ease of getting quality declared rice seed** respectively. The study also revealed that farmers possess a positive attitude towards quality declared rice seeds, much as they face challenges in accessing and affording such seeds. Formal, informal and semi-formal distribution channels for quality declared rice seeds were identified. Formal channels involved seeds sourced from the national research organization that produce foundation seeds and supply them to private business-oriented seed companies, which then produce quality-declared rice seeds on a commercial scale. Informal sources comprised of farmer-saved seeds or seeds obtained from traders within the community who stock them for sale to smallholder farmers in subsequent seasons. Semi-formal channels involved quality declared seeds produced by NARO supplied to local seed business who then sell to local smallholder farmers. Based on the findings, the study proposes that government should provide incentives to smallholder rice farmers to facilitate their purchase of quality-declared seeds, thereby boosting their production. Government or commercial organizations should establish quality-declared rice seed outlets across the region to enhance accessibility. Lastly, policymakers in collaboration with private companies could enact policies aimed at reducing the cost of quality-declared rice seeds, making them more affordable to smallholder farmers.
Determinants of Governance Structure Choice among Beekeepers in Northern Uganda
(Agricultural Sciences, 2022-01-29) Akidi, Irene L.; Mshenga, Patience M.; Mugonola, Basil
The study provides an understanding of how smallholder beekeepers in northern Uganda select among alternative governance structures. Primary data was collected from a random sample of 408 beekeepers in Lira, Kitgum, and Yumbe districts. A multivariate Probit model was used to establish the factors that determine the choice of governance structure selected by the beekeepers. Results from a multivariate Probit model analysis showed that the choice of governance structure was significantly influenced by training, dis tance to the market, social capital index, education, annual income, land for beekeeping, and the various attributes of a transaction. However, the beekee per’s age and beekeeping experience had no significant effect on the choice of governance structure chosen by the beekeeper. The study suggests that fur ther research is needed into the impact of selected governance structures on a beekeepers’ income.
Determinants of innovation behaviour among pig farmers in Northern Uganda
(African Journal of Rural Development, 2019-09-30) MUGONYA, J.; KALULE, S.W.; NDYOMUGYENYI, E. K.
Attributable to poor market linkages, Ugandan pig farmers are taken advantage of by middlemen who pay low prices, recline the weight of pigs and default on payments. Farmer innovation can remedy the situation; however, the factors influencing pig farmers’ innovation behaviour are not fully known. Further, extant studies on the subject tend to report findings on innovation behaviour as a composite variable other than its decomposed phases of exploration, experimentation, adaptation and modification of farming practices. This study therefore aimed at examining the influence of socio-economic factors on the phases of innovation behaviour among pig farmers in Northern Uganda. A cross sectional survey of 239 respondents was carried out and primary data were collected using pretested, semi-structured questionnaires between the month of October and November 2018. Tobit regression was employed for data analysis. The results revealed that personal selling affects all phases of innovation behaviour. In addition, i) exploration of new practices was affected by stock size, educational level and gender; ii) experimentation of new practices also depended on educational level; iii) adaptation of new practices was predicted by farming experience, extension service, access credit, non-farm employment, distance to town market and pork selling, and lastly iv) modification of existing practices was contingent on farming experience, access to extension service, access to credit, price negotiation ability, selling pigs to peer farmers and selling pork. Therefore, pig farmers operating in poorly developed value chains should as much as possible do personal selling of their pigs and pig products through informing their community members about the availability of piglets for sale on their farms, taking their pigs to the market or slaughtering pigs to sell pork instead of live pigs.
DETERMINANTS OF PROFIT EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN GULU CITY AND GULU DISTRICT, UGANDA
(Gulu University, 2024-01) OKELLO, OYOO PETER
Dairy production systems in Uganda are still plagued by yield gaps, post-harvest losses, inadequate coordination, and ineffective marketing strategies. This has resulted in inefficiency and low productivity, even though this sector has been strategically invested in to increase income and food security. The study estimated profit efficiency, characterized dairy production systems, and determined the factors influencing profit efficiency. The maximum likelihood process was used in conjunction with a one-step stochastic profit frontier approach to estimate the profit efficiency and causes of profit inefficiency for 191 smallholder dairy farmers. Results show that the profit efficiency of smallholder dairy production systems is driven by land size, vet cost, costs of feed, cost of equipment, and the cost of labor. Findings further indicate that the inefficiency of smallholder dairy production systems is driven by age, years of experience, family size, gender, marital status, access to extension service, access to credit, group membership, and Friesian breed type. The study thus urges the development of labor-saving technology, the provision of farmers with inexpensive local feed, and the enhancement of extension services. The disparities in profit efficiencies among dairy production systems necessitate bench marking among top performers and intervention tailored to those systems.
Determinants of shea nut marketing arrangements in northern Uganda
(Discover Agriculture, 2024-09-30) Akatwetaba, Deborah; Okello, Daniel Micheal; Kasharu, Apollo; Egeru, Anthony; Mugonola, Basil
This study assessed factors influencing shea nut actors’ choices of shea nut marketing arrangements in northern Uganda. An understanding of these factors is vital in influencing the choice of the different marketing arrangements. Cross-sectional data was collected from a sample of 325 shea nut actors. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model. The shea nut actors in this study were composed of 78% collectors, 16% traders and 7% processors. About 73% and 43% of shea collectors and traders, respectively, sold their shea nuts and/or products through spot markets, while, 45% of the processors sold their shea nut and/or products through informal contracts. Formal contract was the least common marketing arrangement among all the actors. The probability of choosing each the marketing arrangement were influenced by several factors including experience, education, income level, access to extension, training, access to credit, awareness of innovations in the shea value chain, awareness of value addition supporting institutions, main occupation (farming), distance to the market, access to information and means of transport used (head portage). Efforts to increase formal contract participation should focus on providing extensions and creating awareness about institutions that support value addition. There is need for a location and actor specific approach in promoting the different market arrangements in shea products marketing.
Drivers and barriers to the choice of production systems among smallholder pig farmers: Evidence from Northern Uganda
(Heliyon, 2025-01-15) Adewale, Caleb Ibukunoluwa; Ndyomugyenyi, Elly Kurobuza; Mugonola, Basil
Pork consumption has risen significantly in many emerging nations, prompting diverse pig production systems. This study explored the drivers and barriers to the choices of pig production systems and the challenges confronting pig farmers in Northern Uganda. Data were collected from 240 pig farmers using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multinomial logit regression. Results revealed that 38.8 % of the pig farmers practiced the farrow-to-weaner (breeding) production system. Further, years of farming experience, access to extension service, number of initial stocks, and gender significantly influenced the choice of the farrow to finish production system. Significant predictors for the weaner-to-slaughter (fattening) system were market proximity, years of farming experience, household size, number of initial stocks, and access to extension service. It is recommended that extension services be enhanced and tailored to specific production systems, with a focus on breeding management, feeding practices, and marketing strategies to better support pig farmers. Further, investments should be made in transportation infrastructure to facilitate direct farm-to-market linkages for pig farmers.
Effect of market information quality, sharing and utilisation on the innovation behaviour of smallholder pig producers
(Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2021-07-21) Mugonya, J.; Kalule, S. W.; Ndyomugyenyi , E. K.
Although pig farming can accelerate Uganda’s economic development, the value chain is undeveloped with poorly organized informal markets. Buyers take advantage of farmers paying low prices, pointing to the poor quality of pigs and pork. Farmer innovation can remedy this situation by enabling farmers to reduce costs, improve pig productivity and quality of pigs and pork. Leveraging farmer innovation behaviour calls for appropriate agricultural information. However, the effect of market information quality, sharing, and utilization on the innovation behaviour of pig producing farmers is not fully known. This study sought to determine the effect of information quality, sharing, and utilisation on the innovation behaviour of pig producing farmers in Northern Uganda. A cross-section survey of 239 respondents selected through multiple stages of purposive and random sampling was done. Data were analysed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that information quality contributes significantly to innovation behaviour directly (β = 0.247; P < 0.01) as well as indirectly through the partial mediation of information utilization (β = 0.176; 95% CI = 0.040∼0.349). Therefore, interventions that seek to enhance smallholder farmer innovation should provide quality information and support farmers to utilise it.
Financial performance and technical efficiency differentials for apicultural technologies in Nakaseke district, Uganda
(College of Business, Tennessee State University, 2014-01) Kalule, Stephen W.; Ssebbale, Edrisa
Despite apiculture being potentially a large income earner, the financial performance of various apicultural technologies at farm-level is still poor yet very few studies have delved in this sub sector. Using a representative sample of 69 respondents from Nakaseke District, the Ordered Probit analysis revealed that farming experience, apiary plot size, shortness of distance of water source and hive colonization levels were the major positive determinants of apicultural financial performance. A Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) suggested that 62% and 76% of the total variation in honey output in traditional and improved technologies was due to technical inefficiency. The high efficiency levels in traditional technology seemed to suggest that more honey output would only be realized through introduction of improved technologies rather than focusing on technical skills while the low efficiency in improved technology would be improved using technical training. The study recommended policy incentives ranging from specific commodity-targeting extension messages, provision of low interest rate credit products and baiting materials to enhence efficiency.
HONEY QUALITY AND QUALITY PERCEPTION BY CONSUMERS ALONG THE VALUE CHAIN IN NORTHERN UGANDA
(Gulu University, 2023-04) SYLIVIA, WOOR
Honey is the most known and vital bee product produced extensively because it possesses numerous benefits. A significant number of honey value chain actors have emerged in Northern Uganda. However, limited information exists on the honey quality at these value chain nodes. It is also unknown how consumers perceive the quality of this honey. The study used experimental design to examine the quality of honey at the different value chain nodes and cross-sectional survey designs to determine the consumers’ perception of honey quality and the honey quality attributes that mainly influence consumers’ purchase decisions. A total of 185 consumers were considered for the survey, and 70 honey samples collected from the different value chain actors across different agro-ecologies in Northern Uganda had their physicochemical properties analyzed. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and laboratory analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, AMOS version 23, and GEN STAT version 13. The results showed that honey quality deterioration occurred at processor and retailer nodes. Results also showed that honey from Amudat was superior in quality, and diastase number was the only limiting factor to Northern Uganda honey. Labeling, packaging, color, origin, and price significantly influenced consumer perception of honey quality. Purity, viscosity, color, and price also greatly influenced consumer’s purchase decisions. The study concluded that Diastase Number was the major limiting factor to Northern Uganda honey and that processor and retailer nodes are the exact node where quality deterioration occurs. Labeling, packaging, color, and origin positively and significantly influenced consumers’ perception while price had a significant negative influence on consumers’ perception of honey quality. This study recommends mandatory inspections and quality testing at all nodes if the good honey quality is to be maintained.
Innovation and market orientation in smallholder pig production: the roles for access to veterinary services and use of purchased feeds
(Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 2024-12-24) Daniel Micheal Okello; Walter Odongo; Tonny Aliro; David Okello Owiny; Elly Kurobuza Ndyomugyenyi
Purpose This study aims to assess the relationship between market orientation and innovation while accounting for the use of purchased feeds and access to veterinary services. Design/methodology/approach This study used primary data collected from a cross-section of smallholder pig farmers in northern Uganda. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression. Findings Results show that having improved breeds and providing housing to pigs improve system-focused innovation but reduce customer-focused innovation. The use of purchased feeds was associated with higher levels of both dimensions of innovation, while access to veterinary services was only associated with higher levels of system-focused innovation. Customer orientation is positive for both dimensions of innovation, while competitor orientation is positive for system-focused innovation, but negative for customer-focused innovation. Lastly, interfunctional innovation was only associated with higher levels of customer-focused innovation. Access to veterinary services and the use of purchased feeds influence the magnitude of the effect of market orientation on innovation. Research limitations/implications The findings of this paper suggest that improving smallholder pig farmers’ market orientation could lead to a higher level of farm innovation. Similarly, improving access to veterinary services and better feeds could be linked to higher levels of market orientation, as well as farm-level innovation. Originality/value This paper is original and contributes to the understanding of the relationship between market orientation and farm-level innovation in the context of pig production in a developing country.
Local knowledge and practices on use and management of edible insects in lake Victoria basin, E. Africa
(Wagengeningen Academic Publisher, 2017-06-16) Okia, C.A; Odongo, W.; Nzabamwita, P.; Ndimubandi, J; Nalika, N.; Nyeko, P.
Edible insects (EIs) provide an important food source in Africa, but their potential to improve livelihoods and environmental conservation is yet to be fully exploited. This study contributes towards enhancing the use of EIs in the Lake Victoria basin (LVB), with particular attention to local perspectives of the catalogue, ecology, management, collection, processing and consumption. The study was conducted along the LVB in Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda between 2012 and 2013 using a household survey and focus group discussions. Results revealed that up to 20 insect species were eaten in Uganda, 13 in Burundi, and six in Rwanda. In Uganda, the most consumed insects were a katydid grasshopper (Ruspolia differens), palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) larvae and termites (Macrotermes), while in Rwanda and Burundi, Macrotermes species were the most consumed. The most common source of EIs in households was their own collection from the wild, although a number of insects were also bought from markets. Local communities reported various ways of collecting, processing and storing insects. Overall, most of these activities require technological interventions. Despite the high consumption of EIs, no deliberate efforts were reported on conservation and rearing of any of the insects consumed in the three countries. This raises serious questions pertaining to the sustainable consumption of EIs, especially in the face of climate change in this region.

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